RESOLUTION NO. 10166



RESUMPTION OF THE SYSTEM OF CONTINUING REGISTRATION

          WHEREAS, Section 31 of Republic Act No 10742 entitled “An Act Establishing Reforms in the Sangguniang Kabataan Creating Enabling Mechanisms For Meaningful Youth Participation in Nation-Building, and for Other Purposes” mandated that subsequent registrations for the Katipunan ng Kabataan (KK), shall be governed by the provisions of Republic Act No. 8189 otherwise known as “The Voter’s Registration Act of 1996”;
          WHEREAS, Republic Act No. 8189 prescribes the guidelines and procedures for the conduct of the system of continuing registration for regular voters in order to enfranchise those qualified voters for the forthcoming elections;
          NOW, THEREFORE, pursuant to the powers vested in it by the Constitution, the Omnibus Election Code, Republic Acts No. 8189, 10366, 10367, 10742 and other related election laws, the Commission on Elections (Commission for brevity) RESOLVED, as it hereby RESOLVES, to promulgate the following rules and regulations to govern the conduct of the resumption of the system of continuing registration of voters.
          SECTION 1. Declaration of Policies. – The Commission adheres to the following policies:

  1.   Establishment a clean, complete, permanent and updated list of voters through the mandatory taking of photograph, fingerprints and signature (biometrics) in the registration process;
  2.    Enhanced voters’ registration experience; promote gender equality, and provide gender sensitive registration system/process which is inclusive, participatory and non-discriminatory.
SEC. 2. Gender Sensitive Registration System/Process. – In the conduct of registration, the Election Officers (EOs) shall ensure access to registration processes of women who care for small children and encourage the local government units through the local Gender and Development Focal Point System (GFPS) Office to open the Day Care Centers during registration days, at no cost to the Commission.
Cultural practices and ethnic traditions in certain areas must be respected and taken into consideration. In the encoding of demographics and taking of biometics data, especially involving women registrants.

CHAPTER I
FILING OF APPLICATIONS

          Sec. 3. Date, Time and Place for Filing of Applications. – Application for registration, transfer/transfer with reactivation, reactivation, change/correction of entries/and inclusion/reinstatement of records in the list of voters shall be personally filed at the Offices of the Election Officer (OEOs) of the city/district/municipality where the applicant resides, during office hours, from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM Mondays to Saturdays including holidays, based on the following schedule:
1.           For October 23, 2017 Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan (SK) Elections:
a)    November 7, 2016 to December 30, 2016, except December 24 & 25, 2016 (Christmas Eve/Day)
b)   January 2, 2017 to April 29, 2017 except April 13 & 14, 2017 (Maundy Thursday and Good Friday).
2.           For May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections:
a)            December 4, 2017 to December 30, 2017 except on December 25, 2017 (Christmas Day).
b)           January 18, 2018 to September 29, 2018, except March 29 & 30, 2018 (Maundy Thursday and Good Friday).

When necessary, the Commission may adjust or suspend the registration period.
Sec. 4. Posting, Hearing and Approval/Disapproval of Applications. – The application for registration, transfer/transfer with reactivation, reactivation, change/correction of entries/and inclusion/reinstatement of records in the list of voters, shall be heard by the Election Registration Board (ERB) at the OEO, in accordance with the following schedule:
A. For October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections:
Period to file applications
Last day to post Notice of Hearing with Lists of Applicants
Last day to file opposition to applications
Hearing and Approval/ Disapproval of applications
November 7, 2016 to December 30, 2016
January 2, 2017
January 9, 2017
January 16, 2017
January 2, 2017 to April 29, 2017
May 1, 2017
May 8, 2017
May 15, 2017
B. For May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections:
Period to file applications
Last day to post Notice of Hearing with Lists of Applicants
Last day to file opposition to applications
Hearing and Approval/ Disapproval of applications
December 4, 2017 to December 30, 2017
January 2, 2018
January 8, 2018
January 15, 2018
January 2, 2018 to March 31, 2018
April 2, 2018
April 9, 2018
April 16, 2018
April 2, 2018 to June 30, 2018
July 2, 2018
July 9, 2018
July 16, 2018
July 2, 2018 to September 29, 2018
October 1, 2018
October 8, 2018
October 15, 2018
          If the last day to post notice, file opposition and hearing for approval/disapproval falls on a holiday or non-working day, the same shall be done on the next working day. Further, ERB hearing shall not exceed five (5) days.
          Sec. 5. Who May Register. – Any Filipino citizen who is not yet a registered voter, may apply for registration, provided he/she possesses the following qualifications:
I.                Katipunan ng Kabataan:
 a.    At least fifteen (15) years of age on or before October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections but not more than thirty (30) years old;
b.   Residing in the barangay for at least six (6) months on or before October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections; and
c.    Not otherwise disqualified by law.
 SK voters as of July 2016 registration shall not register anew. Their registration records will be included in the SK database except those who will be thirty – one (31) years of age on October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections.
 II.                Regular Voters:
 a.            At least eighteen (18) years of age;
                                                   i.    On or before October 23, 2017 for purposes of Barangay and SK Elections;
                                ii.    On or before May 13, 2019 for purposes of National and Local Elections;
          b.           A resident of the Philippines for at least one (1) year and in the place wherein he/she proposes to vote, for at least six (6) months immediately preceding the:
                                                  i.        October 23, 2017 for purposes of Barangay and SK Elections; and
                                                   ii.        May 13, 2019 for purposes of National and Local Elections;
           c.            Not otherwise disqualified by law.
Any person, who has not reached the required voting age or period of residence on the day of registration but will possess such qualification on or before October 23, 2017 Barangay and May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections, respectively, may register as voter.
Sec. 6. Who are Disqualified to Register. – The grounds for disqualification on registration shall be governed by Section 10 of Resolution No. 9853.
Sec. 7. Application Forms. – The following are the application forms:
a.            Annex “A” (CEF -1A – Application for Registration);
b.           Annex “B” (CEF -1B – Application for Transfer/Transfer with Reactivation);
c.            Annex “C” (CEF -1C – Application for Reactivation);
d.           Annex “D” (CEF -1D – Application for Change/Correction of Entries/and Inclusion/Reinstatement of Record in the List of Voters);
e.            Annex “E” – Supplementary Data Form; and
f.             Annex “F” – Certification for Registration of Applicant whose name is not found in the National List of Registered/Deactivated Voters (NLRDV);
They may be secured as follows:
1.   For OEO, FREE OF CHARGE;
2.   From the Comelec Website (www.comelec.gov.ph). The applicant may choose from any of the two (2) options:
          a.            Download the blank form (long bond paper substance 20/70 gsm) and manually fill up the same; or
b.           Print/reproduce three (3) copies thereof, for submission to the EO (Online Application Form)
For KK registration (15-17 years old), the applicants shall obtain the prescribed CEF – 1A (Application for Registration) from the EO who shall stamp the word “KATIPUNAN NG KABATAAN” at the upper portion of the text box “Application for Registration” and in the Acknowledgement Receipt.
Sec. 8. Procedure for Filing of Applications. – In addition to the personal filing of application and mandatory biometrics data capturing under Resolution No. 9853, VRM Operator shall perform the following procedures:
A. For KK applicants, fifteen [15] to [17] years of age;
a)            Log in to the Voter’s Registration System (VRS);
b)           Click FILE Menu then click REGISTRATION.
c)            Perform the regular encoding of demographics and capturing of biometrics in the VRS.
B. For applicants eighteen (18) to thirty (30) years old, the usual procedures in the conduct of registration of regular voters shall be observed,  to subject to the extraction of their registration records under Section 19 of this Resolution.
Sec. 9. Applicants’ Database (Comelec Folder). – The EO shall submit to the Information Technology Department (ITD), a monthly backup of the applicant database (VRS Comelec Folder), on or before the 5th day of the succeeding month during the registration period for purposes of the implementation of Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) matching.
Sec. 10. Last Day Registration Scenario – During the last day of registration, the following procedures shall be observed, as follows:
a.            If at 3:00 o’clock p.m. of April 29, 2017 for Barangay and SK Elections and September 29, 2018 for National and Local Elections, there are still persons waiting in line to file their application for registration within the thirty (30) meters radius in front of the OEO or any other place/s where the reception of applications for registration is conducted, the Election Assistant (EA) shall, without delay list down their names consecutively numbered;
b.           These applicant shall be called by announcing each name repeatedly three (3) times in the order in which they were listed. Any applicant who is not present when his/her name is called shall no longer be allowed to file his/her application for registration/transfer/reactivation or validation.
c.            If the applicant is present when his/her name is called his/her application shall be processed and his/her biometric data captured. The same shall continue, until all listed shall have been processed. This procedure shall be followed whether the EO issued queuing numbers or any other similar systems; and
d.           Any application filed where the applicant’s biometrics data has not been captured as provided herein, shall be considered deemed not filed and should not be submitted to the ERB for hearing.

CHAPTER II
SATELLITE REGISTRATION OF VOTERS

Sec. 11. Satellite offices. – The EO shall:
a.            Establish satellite office for the reception of applications for registration, transfer/transfer with reactivation, reactivation, correction/change, reinstatement and inclusion in the list of voters.
b.           Intensify the conduct of mandatory satellite registration at least twice, in every barangay, either in:
1.   Barangay hall, public/private schools, and commercial establishments;
2.   Detention center/jail or Resettlement areas, if any;
3.   Areas with Indigenous Community; and
4.   Other public places within the district/city/municipality to ensure wider voter participation.
Any interested party may request for the conduct of satellite registration. The Regional Election Directors (in case of NCR, Davao City and Zamboanga City) and Provincial Election Supervisors shall approve the recommendation of the concerned EO, subject to the following conditions:
a.            The number of the prospective applicants in proposed venue shall not be less than Two Hundred (200);
b.           Public or private buildings where satellite registration will be conducted shall not be owned, leased or occupied as residence by an person incumbent city/municipal/barangay officials or of any person                           officials within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or affinity, or leader of any political party, nor in any building or surrounding premises under the actual control of a political party or religious organizations;
c.            Written notices of the schedule and venue of satellite registration shall be posted in the bulletin boards of the OEO and the city/municipal/barangay hall;
d.           The requesting party shall provide the transportation of Voters Registration Machines (VRMs), forms/supplies including COMELEC personnel; and
e.            Ensure that the database is backed-up before conducting the satellite registration.
Sec. 12. Detainee Satellite Registration. – There shall be a satellite registration for detainees in detention centers/jails in accordance with the following guideline:
Number of Qualified Applicant/s
Number of Day/s
1 to 249
1
250 to 499
2
500 to 749
3
750 to 999
4
1,000 and above
5
For cities with two or more districts and detention/jail/correctional facility is located in one (1) of the districts, all Eos in the said city may conduct satellite registration in the facility for detainees who are residents under their jurisdiction, subject to the condition above-cited.
Detainees who shall be eighteen (18) years of age on election day and/or are committed inside the detention centers for at least six (6) months immediately preceding the election day may register as voter.
For those who are already registered voters, they may apply for transfer of registration records as warranted by circumstances.
In the conduct of the detainee satellite registration, the EO shall:
1.           Before the scheduled detainee satellite registration:
a.        Coordinate with the Jail Warden in the Provincial/City/ Municipal Jail or other Correctional/Rehabilitation/Detention Centers to determine the approximate number of qualified applicant detainees and ensure maximum security of COMELEC personnel as well as the VRMs and its peripherals;
b.           Conduct ocular inspection on the proposed registration site within the premises of the Provincial/City/Municipal Jail or Correctional/Rehabilitation/Detention Centers, taking into consideration the number of COMELEC personnel and the VRM to be installed; and
c.            Post written notice of the schedule of the satellite registration in the detention premises where said registration shall be conducted and in the bulletin board of the OEO.
2.           During the satellite registration:
a.    Apply the procedures in the reception of application and capturing of biometrics enumerated in this Resolution;
b.   Adopt a system of processing the application to minimize queuing and speed up the registration process; and
c.    Allow the watchers/representatives of political parties, citizens’ arms and other civil societies to witness/observe the proceedings, subject to existing BJMP, BuCor, and Provincial Jail policies, rules and regulations.
In case the satellite registration is more than one (1) day, the EO concerned shall not leave the VRM and its peripherals in the registration site/jail premises.
Sec. 13. Persons with Disabilities (PWDs), Members of Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs)/Indigenous Peoples’ (IPs), Senior Citizens and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) Satellite Registration. – A satellite registration in areas where there are PWDs, ICCs/IPs, SCs and IDPs registrants shall be conducted.
          The EO shall coordinate with the:
                              1.      National Council on Disability Affairs (NCDA) through its local office/chapter, Persons with Disability Office (PDAO) for the logistical support in the conduct of registration of PWDs pursuant to Republic Act No. 7277 entitled “An Act Providing for the Rehabilitation, Self-Development and Self Reliance of Disabled Person and their Integration into the Mainstream of Society and for other purposes”.
                              2.      National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) through the local affiliate organization/s for the logistical support for the ICC/IPs registration activity.
                              3.      Office of the Senior Citizens Affairs (OSCA) existing in the locality for the logistical support for the SCs registration activity.
                              4.      Local Government Unit/Office in-charge for the welfare of the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) within their locality.
                               5.      Non-Government Organization Network empowering the PWDs, ICCs/IPs, SCs and IDPs within their locality.
Sec. 14. Release and Distribution of Voter’s Identification Cards. – In addition to the modes of distribution/release of Voter’s Identification Cards, the Eos shall distribute and release the Voter’s Identification Cards in their custody, to the concerned voters during the conduct of satellite registration.
Sec. 15. Monthly Report on Satellite Registration. – The Eos shall submit to EBAD, through PES and RED, the following reports:
a.    List of approved schedule of satellite registration of voters;
b.   Output of satellite registration for Regular/SK Voters, Detainee, SCs, ICCs/PWDs and IDPs indicating the city/municipality and number of applications; and
c.    Number of released/distributed Voter’s Identification Cards.
Reports enumerated in items B & C shall be submitted on a monthly basis on or before the 10th day of the succeeding month.

CHAPTER III
ELECTION REGISTRATION BOARD OF ACTION

Sec. 16. Election Registration Board (ERB). – In the conduct of registration, the provisions of Resolution No. 9853, not inconsistent herewith, with respect to the composition; substitution; disqualifications; compensation; notice of proceedings; preparation of list of applicants; procedures for processing of applications; approval/approval; publication of action on applications; and preparation and submission of Minutes shall be applicable to both KK and Barangay voters.
CHAPTER IV
UPDATING OF RECORDS OF PWDs, SENIOR CITIZENS
AND MEMBERS OF ICCs/IPs

Sec. 17. Updating of Records; Assignment of Precincts; Extraction and Generation of Data of PWDs and Senior Citizens and Members of ICCs/IPs. – The procedures for the updating of records, assignment of precincts, extraction, generation of data and withdrawal of intent to vote in accessible polling places for PWDs, Senior Citizens and members of ICCs/IPs as provided in Resolution No. 9853, shall be applicable.

CHAPTER V
POST ELECTION REGISTRATION BOARD HEARING

Sec. 18. Assignment of Precinct Number. – In the assignment of precincts, the following shall be observed:
                              1.      SK Precincts established in the SK database and reflected in the SK Projects of Precincts (POPs) pursuant to Resolution No. 10148 shall be maintained; and
                              2.      Newly approved SK applicants shall be assigned in the established SK precincts comprising their place of residence. Spin-off precincts shall be created if the numbers of SK voters exceed the maximum of two hundred (200) voters per precinct.
                             3.      Newly approved regular voters shall be assigned in precincts comprising their place of residence in accordance with the guidelines provided in Section 12 of Resolution No. 9853.
Sec. 19. Generation of List/Extraction/Consolidation/Deletion of Registration Records. – The EO shall generate, print and submit to the ERB the following lists:
              1.              SK Voters:
A.           Before  ERB earing:
a.    Registered as of July 2016 who will reach eighteen (18) years of age for purposes of October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections. It shall be done before January 16, 2017 ERB hearing.
b.   Those who will reach eighteen (18) years of age for purposes of May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections shall be considered before the succeeding appropriate ERB hearings.
The said list shall be subject to the usual procedures of posting, hearing and approval/disapproval by the ERB in accordance with the schedule provided in Section 4 of this Resolution.
B.           After ERB hearing:
a.    Extract registration records of SK voters from the KK database who are eighteen (18) years of age and store in the regular voter datase; and
b.   Delete in the SK database the registration records of voters who will be thirty – one (31) years of age on the day of the October 23, 2017  Barangay and SK Elections: and
c.     Extract voters aged fifteen (15) to thirty (30) using the EXTRACT command.
2.           Regular Voter
The procedures for the generation and posting of the lists of applicants and consolidation of approved applications filed during the registration period provided in Resolution No. 9853 shall be strictly observed.
          The ITD will provide the technical procedures in the extraction/ consolidation/deletion of KK registration records in the KK database.
Sec. 20. Segregation, Custody and Back-Up of Database in Compact Disc.- The provisions of Resolution No. 9853 on the segregation, custody and back-up of database in compact discs shall be applicable.
Failure to create back-up copy of the database shall be subject to disciplinary action.
Section 21. Submission of Quarterly Progress Report (QPR), POPs and SNPDAT. – The EO shall submit thru e-mail (ebad@comelec.gov.ph. registration@comelec.gov.ph. and precincts@comelec.gov.ph.) or other fastest means available, the following reports:
A.   Election and Barangay Affairs Department (EBAD);
a.    Quarterly Progress Report (soft copy)
b.   Quarterly Reports on PWDs an SCs (soft copy): and
c.    Quarterly Reports on ICCs/IPs and IDPs (soft copy).
B.   Information Technology Department
a.    SNPDAT;
b.   SK database; and
c.    Other reports
POPs shall be submitted not later than May 31, 2017 (Wednesday) for the purposes of October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections and October 31, 2018 (Wednesday) for purposes of May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections, to wit:
Sec. 22. Compilation of Voters’ Registration Records (VRRs). – The original copies of the newly approved applications shall be compiled in the Book of Voters.
There shall be a separate Book of Voters for Regular Voters and approved KK applicants which shall be compiled per precinct.
          Voters Registration Records (VRRs) for SK voters, who will turn eighteen (18) years of age shall be removed from SK Book of Voters to be compiled in a separate folder for regular voters, in view of the Precautionary Protection Order No. 005 issued by the Presidential Electoral Tribunal (PET), in case of Ferdinand “Bongbong” R. Marcos vs. Maria Leonor ‘Leni Daang Matuwid’ G. Robredo.
Section 23. Petition for Inclusion of Voters in the List. – Any person whose application for registration has been disapproved by the ERB or whose name has been stricken out from the list, may file with the court, a petition to include his/her name in the permanent list of voters in his/her precinct at any time but not later than July 9, 2017 (Sunday) for purposes of October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections and January 27, 2019 (Sunday) for purposes of May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. It shall be supported by a certificate of disapproval of his/her application and proof of service of his/her petition upon the ERB. The petition shall be decided within fifteen (15) days after its filing.
If the decision is for the inclusion of the voter’s name in the permanent list of voters, the ERB shall place the application for registration previously disapproved in the corresponding book of voters and indicate in the application for registration the date of the order of inclusion and the court which issued the same.
Sec. 24. Petition for Exclusion for Voters from the List. – Any registered voter, representative of a political party or the EO, may file with the court a sworn petition for the exclusion of a voter from the permanent list of voters giving the name, address and the precinct of the challenged voter at any time but not later than July 14, 2017 (Friday) for purposes of October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections and February 1, 2019 (Friday) for purposes of May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. The petition shall be accompanied by proof of notice to the ERB and to the challenged voter and shall be decided within ten (10) days from its filing.
If the decision is for the exclusion of the voter’s name from the list, the ERB shall upon receipt of the final decision, remove the voter’s registration records from the corresponding book of voters, enter the order of exclusion and place the same in the inactive file.
Sec. 25. Implementation of Court Inclusion/Exclusion Order. – The ERB shall implement Court Inclusion/Exclusion Orders that will become executory not later than July 20, 2017 (Thursday) for purposes of October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections and February 7, 2019 (Thursday) for purposes of May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections. Otherwise, the same shall be referred to the Law Department.
The EO shall request from ITD through EBAD, the issuance of the access code to effect the inclusion/exclusion of the registration records of the concerned voters in the database.
Sec. 26. Abatement of Double/Multiple Registration Records. – All registration records found to be double/multiple based on the Automated Fingerprint identification System (AFIS) results, shall be abated pursuant to the policy adopted in Resolution No. 9888 dated July 28, 2014.
Sec. 27. Deactivation and Cancellation of Registration Records. – The grounds for deactivation of registration records provided in Resolution No. 9863, except Failure to Vote Twice, and cancellation of registration records in Section 36 of Resolution No. 9853, shall be applicable.
Sec. 28. ERB Certification of the Lists of Voters. – The ERB shall post notice of its meeting for the Certification of the Lists of Voters. Said meeting shall be conducted at least five (5) days prior to the scheduled posting of the certified and final list of voters in the bulletin boards of the OEO and the city/municipal hall.
Sec. 29. Posting of Certified and Final List of Voters. – The ERB shall post the certified and final list of voters (KK and Barangay) in the bulletin board of the OEO not later than July 25, 2017 (Tuesday) for purposes of October 23, 2017 Barangay and SK Elections and February 12, 2019 (Tuesday) for purposes of May 13, 2019 National and Local Elections.
Sec. 30. Role of the Regional Election Directors (REDs) and Assistant Regional Election Directors (AREDs) and Provincial Election Supervisors (PESs). – The REDs, AREDs and PESs shall monitor the conduct of registration, ensure timely compliance of the Eos submission of all the required reports and shall be held directly responsible and accountable for non-compliance within the period herein provided.
Sec. 31. Satellite Registration Budgetary Requirements. – The Finance Services Department (FSD) shall submit to the Commission En Banc, within ten (10) days from the promulgation of this Resolution, the proposed budget, to defray the expenses for the conduct of satellite registration based on the number of barangays, distance and availability of transportation facilities, in the city/district/municipality nationwide.
Sec. 32. Applicability of Other Resolutions of the Commission. – Permanent provisions of Resolution No. 9853 and 9863, and other Resolutions of the Commission, pertaining to registration insofar as applicable and not inconsistent herewith, shall apply.
Sec. 33. Information Dissemination. – The Education and Information Department (EID) shall be directed to cause the widest dissemination of this Resolution and its publication.
The EOs shall likewise cause the widest information dissemination of this resolution and coordinate with the concerned citizens’ arms, local government units, barangay officials, non-governmental/civic organizations and other vulnerable sectors/organizations in their respective area of responsibility.
Sec. 34. Effectivity. This Resolution shall take effect seven (7) days after its publication in two (2) daily newspapers of general circulation in the Philippines.
Let the Election and Barangay Affairs Department and Information Teechnology Department, implement this Resolution.

Promulgated: October 25, 2016

Resolution No. 10079



GUIDELINES FOR ACCREDITATION OF FOREIGN OBSERVERS IN CONNECTION WITH THE MAY 9, 2016 NATIONAL, LOCAL AND AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO (ARMM) ELECTIONS

WHEREAS, foreign nationals, whether as individuals or in groups, whether representing governmental or private interests, are expected to arrive in the Philippines to observe the conduct of the May 9, 2016 National, Local and Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Elections;

WHEREAS, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), as the sole government agency charged with the conduct of honest, orderly, and peaceful elections, has a substantial interest in maintaining the orderliness and credibility of elections;

WHEREAS, there is a necessity to regulate the activities of foreign observers in the elections;
NOW, THEREFORE, pursuant to the powers vested in it by the Constitution, the Omnibus Election Code, Republic Act No. 7166 and other election laws, the COMELEC has RESOLVED, as it hereby RESOLVES, to promulgate the following guidelines:

SECTION 1. Definition of Terms. - As used in this Resolution:
  1. Foreigner or Foreign national refers to any person whose nationality is other than Filipino, whether or not a resident of the Philippines;
  2. Foreign group, organization, committee or association refers to any group of individuals organized under the laws other than that of the Philippines;
SECTION 2. Application for Accreditation. - Foreign nationals, whether as individuals or in groups, whether representing governmental or private interests, who are interested to observe the conduct of the May 9, 2016 National, Local and ARMM Elections, shall file an application for accreditation at the COMELEC Education and Information Department (EID).

SECTION 3. Qualifications for Accreditation. - Applicants must have a bona fide intention to participate in the Philippine elections exclusively as observers of the electoral process, must be free from any business interest, must not be politically motivated or influenced by any political candidate, and must comply with the provisions under Sections 6 and 12 hereof. Applicants are required to disclose their intention for involvement in the Philippine elections as foreign observers.

SECTION 4. Period for Filing Application for Accreditation. - The period for filing applications for accreditation shall be from February 15, 2016 to April 28, 2016. This period shall be non-extendible.

SECTION 5. Opposition to the Application for Accreditation. - Any opposition to applications for accreditation of any foreigner, foreign group, organization, committee or association shall be filed at the EID within five (5) days from the filing date of the contested application.

SECTION 6. Documentary Requirements. - The application shall be supported by the following documents:
  1. duly accomplished application form for accreditation;
  2. two (2) recently taken 2"x 2" colored photographs of the applicant; and
  3. endorsement issued by the ambassador or consul of the applicant's home country.
SECTION 7. Application Forms. - Application forms for accreditation shall be available at the COMELEC EID. Application forms may also be downloaded from the COMELEC website (http://www.comelec.gov.ph).

SECTION 8. Identification Cards. - Upon approval of the application, the EID shall issue identification cards to the accredited foreign observers.

SECTION 9. Priviledges. Duly accredited foreign observers shall have the following priviledges.
  1. Before the Election Day 
    1. Request from any official of the government, representatives of registered political parties, organizations or coalitions, candidates or their representatives, representatives of media, private firms or organizations, any political party or candidate for interview or briefing on the upcoming electoral exercise; and
    2. Observe election related activities at the offices of the Election Officers (EO).
  2. On Election Day - Subject to the provisions of Section 11 hereof
    1. Observe the conduct of elections in any locality;
    2. Conduct brief interviews with the chairman and members of the Board of Election Inspectors (BEI) inside the polling place in a manner which shall not disrupt the election proceedings;
    3. Conduct interviews with the voters and other persons outside the polling place; and
    4. Document their observation activities, as well as the conduct of elections, by means of audio, visual, or audio-visual recordings, subject to the mandate under Section 11 hereof.
  1. After the Election Day
    1. Observe all the proceedings in the precinct until the counting and transmission of votes are over; and
    2. Keep track of the transport of the Vote Counting Machines after the voting, counting and transmission.
SECTION 10. Responsibilities. - Duly accredited foreigner, foreign group, organization, committee or association shall:
  1. In choosing respondents for their interviews, endeavor to apply objective criteria in order to ensure fairness and balance in their observations and conclusions. Interview questions shall not tend to advance the candidacy of or disfavor or harass any candidate, and shall be limited to legitimate concerns.
  2. Report, in the most effective and efficient means possible any untoward incident or violation of the election laws and its rules and regulations to the COMELEC Main Office, through the EID, or any of the COMELEC representatives in the field, or to any of the COMELEC's accredited citizen arms.
  3. Ensure that in all their statements to the media on Election Day shall explicitly state that their observations reflect only a:hd are limited to the conditions in the area where they conducted actual observation and not the overall conditions in the Philippines.
SECTION 11. Term of the Accreditation. Accreditation of foreign election observers shall be valid until the end of election period or until June 30, 2016.

SECTION 12. Obsetvation Report. - A copy of any observation report of duly accredited foreigners, foreign groups, organizations, committees or associations shall, at least twenty-four (24) hours before its release to the media or general public, be submitted to the EID together with the complete copy of any raw video footage that was used, in whole or in part, in the said report.

SECTION 13. Prohibited Acts. - It shall be unlawful for any foreigner, foreign group, organization, committee or association to:
  1. Aid any candidate or political party directly or indirectly;
  2. Take part or influence in any manner in the conduct of the elections;
  3. Engage in partisan political activities, which refer to acts designed to promote the election or defeat of a particular candidate or candidates to public office;
  4. Contribute or make any expenditure in connection with any election campaign or partisan political activity;
  5. Enter any polling place without consent of the chairman of the BEI concerned; and
  6. Mingle and talk with voters inside any polling place, or otherwise disrupt the proceedings in the polling place.
SECTION 14. Penalty of Violation. - Any violation of the immediately preceding Section shall be punishable with one (1) to six (6) years of imprisonment and deportation which shall be enforced after the prison term has been served, pursuant to Section 264 of the Omnibus Election Code and other related laws.

SECTION 15. Effectivity. -This resolution shall take effect on the seventh (7th) day after its publication in two (2) daily newspapers of general circulation in the Philippines.

SECTION 16. Dissemination. - The EID shall implement this Resolution, cause its publication and furnish copies thereof to all Regional Election Directors, Provincial Election Supervisors, Election Officers, all political parties, all candidates, the Philippine Information Agency, and the Department of Foreign Affairs, which shall cause dissemination thereof to its foreign service establishments and to representatives of foreign countries in the Philippines, for their information and guidance.

SO ORDERED.

 Promulgation: 11 March 2016

LET'S DESIGN AN AUTOMATED ELECTION SYSTEM… TOGETHER

By Gus Lagman
Published, Manila Times Online



Introduction
While we are still almost three years away from the 2019 elections, it is, in fact, the best time to start planning for it.There are very valid reasons why it has to be started this early. Many observers, IT practitioners, mostly, have been commenting that the system used in 2010, 2013, and 2016 – i.e., Smartmatic’s Precinct Count Optical Scan, or PCOS – while fast, did not, however, meet the required accuracy level, was definitely not transparent, and was very vulnerable to tampering by an insider. All these have been proven to be true.
These failures could all be traced to the fact that the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), quite apparently, did not go through the standard project analysis and cost/benefits study before deciding on the system to be used in all three elections. This important step is a must, especially for major projects costing billions of pesos.
After the 2010 elections, the Chairman of the COMELEC Advisory Council (CAC) said in his report that we should not use PCOS again. The then Chairman of the Committee on Suffrage and Electoral Reforms in the Lower House, said in his report that if the loopholes in the PCOS are not plugged, “… a reversion to manual elections with heightened vigilance by organizations like PPCRV and NAMFREL would probably yield more credible and accurate results”. Why Smartmatic continued to win the contracts is something that we fail to understand. Private companies would have given them the boot long ago.
It is feared that if nothing different is done this time around, then the same decisions would be made by COMELEC; the same doubts, from those in the know, on the system’s unreliability would be generated, the same wasteful spending would occur.
This writer proposes to undertake this study, together with the public … and, hopefully, with the COMELEC as well, if it will so agree to participate. Through a series of articles in this paper, this writer will present to the readers the different aspects about elections and the options that we could take, in order to arrive at the “most appropriate” automated system for our elections, as required by law. Contributions to the discussion would of course be appreciated.
We will begin by reviewing the old, pure manual system, then discuss its defects, problems, and pitfalls. After that, we will scan the environment for automation election tools that are currently available, discuss the pros and cons of each, and then proceed to designing and formulating a workable system.

The pure manual elections
The pure manual elections (no automated component at all) that we used from our very first election in the 1940s up to 2007 followed a very simple system that required no training of voters at all. Common sense and the ability to read and write were almost all one needed. Those who cannot read and write and those with disabilities were allowed to be assisted by a close relative. Even the Board of Election Inspectors (BEI) hardly needed any training; most of them only received written instructions that would come with the usual election paraphernalia distributed to them a few days before the elections.Here’s how the system works:

Precinct voting and counting
The BEIs man a precinct each. A BEI is composed of three teachers, one of whom is assigned as Chairman and the other two as poll clerks. Approximately 200 voters (maximum of 250) are registered under each precinct. When this system was last used in 2007, there were a little more than 200,000 precincts that opened nationwide.
The election process consists of stages – the voting period, the vote-counting, the transport of the ballots and results of counting, referred to as Election Returns (ERs), and the three-level canvassing – municipal, provincial, and national consolidation of votes.
The voting period would start at 7:00 AM and close at 3:00 PM. The BEI, however, would start working as early as 5:00 AM in order to prepare the classroom and the election materials for the voters’ registration and actual voting. As many as 15-20 voters would usually be allowed to vote simultaneously or as many as could be comfortably accommodated inside the classroom. Even as the voting closes at 3:00 PM, all voters making up a queue of up to 30 meters long, would still be allowed to vote.
After a brief rest following the close of the voting period, the BEI would start counting the votes. The first step would be for the Chairman to count all the ballots inside the ballot box. Once done and the count recorded, the Chairman would start reading off aloud, the candidates’ names written on each ballot. One of the members would record the votes into the Election Returns using “taras” (or sticks), while the third member would record the same votes into the Tally Boards that are taped or stapled to the walls of the classroom.
When all the votes have been read and recorded, the BEI would then add up the total votes garnered by each candidate in both the Election Returns and the Tally Boards, making sure that both reports have the same totals. The BEI would then complete the Minutes of the proceedings, sign all the forms, then pack the documents for transport to the canvassing center.
The BEIs of the precints in a polling center (usually, a school) would normally share a jeepney, or jeepneys, when transporting the ballot boxes and other documents to the city/municipal canvassing center. It is also safer for them to wait for each other, as most of them would finish the counting in the very early hours of the following day.
In the first installment of this series of articles, I proposed to re-design an automated election system for the Philippines, hopefully, with some participation from the readers. The first step in the process is a discussion of the pure manual system, starting with (in the first article) the precinct voting, precinct counting, the transport of the results of such counting, and in this article, the fourth and final step, which is the three-level canvassing, or consolidation of votes. (Some people refer to this as “ladderized” canvassing.)

City/Municipal canvassing
In order to arrive at the winning candidates for mayor, vice-mayor, and councilors in each city or municipality, the votes garnered by each of the candidates for those positions in all the precincts in that city or municipality, would have to be consolidated. This is what is referred to as city/municipal canvassing and this first level of consolidation is performed by the City/Municipal Board of Canvassers (CMBOC).
This Board is composed of the Election Officer or a representative of the Commission as Chairman; the Municipal Treasurer as Vice-Chairman; and the District School Supervisor, or in his absence, the most senior Principal of the school district, as Member. The Board will normally wait for a sufficient number of Election Returns (ERs) to arrive before it starts its work. This is so the canvassing work would be continuous and would have a minimum of interruptions caused by the non-arrival of ERs.
Aside from the city/municipal positions, the votes of the candidates for national, provincial, and district level positions are canvassed, as well, to prepare them for further consolidation at the next two levels of canvassing.

Two forms are used at each level of canvassing:
1) The Statement of Votes (SOV) – where the total votes garnered by the candidates from each precinct are entered. The precinct numbers are recorded at the top of the columns. The columns in the form are filled up as ERs arrive from the precincts. When all the precinct votes have been recorded into the SOV, totals by candidate are computed and recorded in figures and in words on the rightmost columns of the form.
2) The Certificate of Canvass (COC) – is a summary of the SOV. The total votes per candidate appearing on the rightmost columns of the SOV (figures and words) are entered into the COC.
The COC is then transported to the Provincial Board of Canvassers (PBOC) for further consolidation.

Provincial canvassing
As in city/municipal canvassing, in order to arrive at the winning candidates for governor, vice-governor, members of the provincial board, and district congressmen,the votes garnered by each of the candidates for those positions in all cities and municipalities in each province, would have to be consolidated. This is what is referred to as provincial canvassing and this second level of consolidation is performed by the Provincial Board of Canvassers (PBOC). (There are some variations to the procedures on account of multi-district provinces and chartered cities.)
The PBOC is composed of the Provincial Election Supervisor or a lawyer of the Commission, as Chairman; the Provincial Prosecutor, as Vice- Chairman; and the District School Superintendent, as Member-Secretary.
At this level of canvassing, an SOV (provincial version) is used to facilitate the consolidation, except that this time, the columns represent the votes in the COCs coming from all CMBOCs in the province, instead of, in ERs from precincts in a city/municipality. Totals by candidate are computed and recorded in figures and in words on the rightmost columns of the form. A Provincial Certificate of Canvass (PCOC), which is a summary of the Provincial SOV, is prepared.
Aside from the provincial positions, the votes of the candidates for national level positions are canvassed as well, to prepare them for further consolidation at the third and last level of canvassing. The PCOCs are then transported to the National Board of Canvassers (NBOC) for the third and final consolidation of votes for national candidates.

National canvassing
To arrive at the winning candidates for president, vice-president, senators, and party-list, the votes garnered by each of the candidates for those positions in all provinces and chartered cities (as appearing in the PCOCs), would have to be consolidated. This is what is referred to as national canvassing and this third and final level of consolidation is performed by the National Board of Canvassers (NBOC).
The NBOC is split into two groups of canvassers. The first – a joint Congressional committee composed of representatives coming from both Houses of Congress – canvasses the positions of president and vice-president, while the second, the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) canvasses the positions of senators and party list.
In each canvassing center, an SOV (national version) is again used to facilitate the consolidation, except that this time, the columns represent the votes in the PCOCs coming from all provinces and chartered cities in the country. Totals by candidate are computed and recorded in figures and in words on the rightmost columns of the form. A National Certificate of Canvass (NCOC), which is a summary of the national SOV, is prepared.
After the NCOCs are completed, the winning national candidates are proclaimed, thus ending the election period.
The pure manual system that I have just described is what the Philippines used from the first election in 1946 up to the elections in 2007.

Problems in the ‘pure manual system’
In the first two installments of this series, I discussed how the pure manual system that we used in all elections from 1946 to 2007, worked. This third installment will discuss the problems associated with that system, eventually becoming the reason for automating the process in order to mitigate them.
The biggest problem in the pure manual system was the many weeks it took to complete the process and proclaim the winners of the elections. In the last three decades, it would take more than 20 days before the winners would be proclaimed. Once, it even took all of 42 days to complete!
It was not a problem during the country’s election exercises prior to martial law because the number of registered voters then, even at its highest, was less than a fourth of what it is today. But the population grew during the 14 years of martial law, and consequently, so also did the number of registered voters. Let’s take a look at some historical figures (on Table A are the election dates while those on the right are the corresponding registered voters during those years):
The election period became longer and longer, as the voting population grew. The increase in the time period was however not caused by the precinct level activities, as more precincts were simply opened in order to accommodate the growth in the number of voters. The longer time period was caused by the longer canvassing activities.
To explain this further: let’s say that there are one million voters registered and 5,000 precincts opened to accommodate 200 voters per precinct. Let’s also assume that it took the precincts an average of eight hours to count the votes and produce the Election Returns. If the number of registered voters increased by half-a-million, and the number of precincts was increased by another 2,500, then presumably, it would still take just eight hours to count all the votes in all the precincts.
On the other hand, the increase in the number of precincts by another 2,500 will proportionately increase the canvassing time at the City/Municipal Board of Canvassers by 50 percent as there will still be only one Board that will do the consolidation.
But there were other reasons that caused the slowness of the process. Before 1992, local elections used to be run separately from national elections. As such, in each election, there were fewer positions/candidate names in the ballot that needed to be counted and canvassed. In 1992, however, the national and local elections were synchronized and that naturally resulted in an increase in the number of positions and names in the ballot that needed to be counted and canvassed. Counting at the precincts and the eventual canvassing therefore took a much longer time.
And then, there’s also the inclusion of the party-list candidates. Averaging almost a hundred candidates in every election, counting and canvassing became even more cumbersome.
The long election process caused other problems, too. Big-time cheating became easier as the delay provided the cheats with sufficient time to do their evil deeds. Thus, “dagdag-bawas” (literally, add-subtract) came into being. This occurred at the canvassing levels, particularly at the city/municipal canvassing and at the provincial canvassing.
The teachers, who composed the Board of Election Inspectors (BEI), were put at risk as they would end up going home in the early hours of the following morning. At that time, they would have put in almost 24 hours of back-breaking work, as they would have been up since 5 a.m. or earlier on election day.
During the transport of the ballot boxes and the election returns from the precincts to the City/Municipal Board of Canvassers, there had been occasions when the boxes would be hijacked and stuffed with fake ballots, or replaced with pre-stuffed boxes. Or, simply destroyed.
There had also been reports that the BEI chairman would sometimes intentionally misread the ballots, thus favoring certain candidates. This problem was substantially reduced when political party watchers were allowed to position themselves behind the BEI as the latter conducts the counting.
Truly, because of the enormity of the operations, individual problems had become very difficult to solve. Thus, the automation of the election process became the “end-all and be-all” solution. Expectations were high. And the general public believed that such expectations were met. But alas! Those in the know believe otherwise.
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